The Causes Of Lysosomal Diseases - 719 Words

More dysregulated metabolites were identified in the liver (n=177) than that in the brain (n=122). Notably, there are more amino acid, amino acid derivatives and dipeptides identified in livers (mostly upregulated). These results are expected because the liver is the primary site of metabolism. In terms of pathways enriched, significant involvement of neurotransmission and chemical synaptic transmission were observed in the brain. Meanwhile, there are several pathways only enriched in livers, including gamma glutamyl cycle, leukotriene biosynthesis, Phase II conjugation and glutathione synthesis, which are mainly associated with oxidative stress and inflammation. The energy imbalance in SD leads to increased respiratory chain activity in†¦show more content†¦The oxidative stress can cause cell damage, resulting in inflammation, which has also been found to be a major contributor to disease progression of GM2 gangliosidosis [17]. In this study, we identified elevation in glut athione pathways, which plays a pivotal role in responses to oxidative stress. Another evidence of inflammation is reduced levels of arachidonic acid, an omega-6 fatty acid, in brain samples of SD mice. Oxidation of arachidonic acid can generate leukotrienes, a family of eicosanoid inflammatory mediators produced in leukocytes, and thus promote inflammation. The increased energy requirements can also activate autophagy and protein catabolism, which have been found in MPS I and MPS VII mice [13]. In this study, we found increased levels of amino acids, amino acid derivatives and dipeptides, indicating increased protein catabolism. Increased requirements of energy and raw materials can also activate lipid metabolism and carbohydrate metabolism, manifested by decreased adiposity, a common observation in many lysosomal diseases [18-20]. In addition, the enlarged lysosome and distended cells due to abnormal accumulation requires increased membrane synthesis, which can also affect lipid m etabolism. Our previous proteomic analysis [21] also identified abnormality in the cytoskeleton system, which can be partially attributed to altered cellular architecture due to storage accumulation. Collectively, we show here that the energy imbalance caused by the lack ofShow MoreRelatedGaucher Disease Types I, II, IIi869 Words   |  4 PagesGaucher Disease Types I, II, III Gaucher Disease is a type of lysosomal storage disorder. The importance is that they are meant to keep everything in order. Lysosomes are microscopic organelles that have a primary function to serve as digestion compartments. According to Davidson, (1) â€Å"lysosomes help break down many different materials such as fats, proteins, waste products, and more to transfer those compounds to become new cell building materials†. Consequentially, making lysosomes an importantRead MoreUse of Energy by the Human Body782 Words   |  3 Pagesessentially the only fuel source used by the brain. The primary function of muscle glycogen is to supply fuel for the contraction of the muscles during exercise. However, insufficient amount of glycogen in the liver and muscles can lead to numerous diseases, diseases like Glycogen Storage Disorders (GSD). Glycogen synthesis and breakdown occur by distinctive pathways that are catalyzed by different enzymes. Glycogen phosphorylation involves three steps: the first is the release of glucose 1-phosphate fromRead MoreTaking a Look in Tay-Sachs Disease952 Words   |  4 Pagesfunctioning to full potential, serious if not fatal consequences can be faced. A shining example of the effects of a malfunctioning organelle occurs in Tay-Sachs disease. Tay- Sachs disease is a lysosomal disorder that is caused by a faulty lysosome.1 Recent studies and research have been investigating the causes and pathways Tay-Sachs disease with great success, which is amazing news for the scientific community. Lysosomes are membranous sacs of enzymes that are typically are involved in the digestionRead MoreTaking a Look at Niemann-Pick Disease1294 Words   |  5 PagesNiemann-Pick disease an inherited condition involving lipid metabolism, which is the breakdown, transport, and use of fats and cholesterol in the body is the condition in which abnormal lipid metabolism causes harmful amounts of lipid to accumulate in parts of the body. There are 3 forms of this disease: Type A, B, and C. The general focus of this paper will be Type C. Niemann-Pick’s disease Type C (NPC) is disease in which unesterified cholesterol and other lipids accumulate in late endosomes/lysosomesRead MoreThe Batten Disease And Its Effects On The Nervous System1697 Words   |  7 PagesExtra Credit Paper Batten Disease The Batten disease is characterized as an autosomal recessive, fatal disorder that consists of detrimental effects on the nervous system. Although the disease typically presents during childhood, there are many forms that show signs at various ages. Batten disease, also known as Spielmeyer-Vogt-Sjà ¶gren-Batten disease, is named after the British pediatrician who first correlated its symptoms with the disease progression in 1903. This disease is the most common typeRead MoreEvolving Concepts of Pathogenesis, Transmission, Diagnosis, Treatment and Antibiotic Resistance of Mycobacterium Tuberculosis1010 Words   |  4 Pagestuberculosis. It is the reason of virtually millions of deaths all over the world every year. This ratio is more than the deaths caused by any other pathogen. From the start of the twentieth century, tuberculosis has become a relatively uncommon disease instead of the most common reason of deaths worldwide [1-3]. The incidence of tuberculosis has waned in the d eveloped countries. The World Health Organization reports that more than ten million cases and two to three million deaths occur annuallyRead MoreGlucocerebrosidase Enzyme Essay986 Words   |  4 Pagesimpairment and psychosis of PD and DLB. The lost function of GBA has been found in postmortem brain of individuals that were diagnosed had a global defect in lysosomal enzymes with those with PD. The GBA gene within the brain increases the risk of individuals of having PD due to the mutation of the gene. These genes will reflect the low activity of lysosomal hydrolase ÃŽ ²-glucocerebrosidase (GCase) where the accumulation of ÃŽ ±-synuclein occurs in the anterior cingulate and occipital cortex [10]. GBA mutationsRead MoreThe Complex And Major Organ Of Our Body Perform Essay1598 Words   |  7 Pagesbalance secretion, metabolism, and excretion of hormones and gluconeogenesis.Each kidney in the human contains about 800,000 to 1,000,000 nephrons, each capable of forming urine. The kidn ey cannot regenerate new nephrons. Therefore, with renal injury, disease, or normal aging, there is a gradual decrease in nephron number (Guyton 2011). Although, there is a substantial capacity within the kidney for repair but there are also several circumstances where damage may be irreversible. In general, the proximalRead MoreProteomics Essay754 Words   |  4 PagesPPI is fundamental to define the molecular networks that contribute to homeostasis of living organisms. Disruptions in protein interaction networks have been shown to cause diseases in both human and animals. For instance, PPI disturbances have been shown to be involved in cancer caused by p53 mutations [47], neurodegenerative diseases resulting from protein aggregates accumulation [48], and virus-host interactions [49]. Therefore, the monitoring and study of PPIs can provide innovative options forRead MoreTRMPL1 : The Role Of TRPML11291 Words   |  6 Pages Role of TRPML1 As mentioned before, TRPML1 is the transient receptor protein affected by the mutation that causes MLIV. The TRP gene family are not yet well characterized, but are known to localize in late endosomes and have associations with lysosomes. It is required for proper and efficient fusion of late endosomes and autophagosomes with lysosomes (6). There were debates regarding what sort of channel TRMPL1 was, with some stating that it was a proton channel rather than an ion channel (2)

Impact Of The Fourteenth Amendment During The Civil Rights...

In this thesis I am going to analyze the impact of the 14th Amendment during the Civil Rights years. Firstly, I am going to introduce the topic of civil rights, the roots of racial inequality in the USA. I will briefly describe the development of the Civil Rights Movement and I will provide background information about 14th Amendment. An understanding of the Fourteenth Amendment begins not in Congress, but in the history leading up to the Civil War. The first crucial story in understanding the Fourteenth Amendment is the striking changes in the law of race relations that took place in the North - especially in Bingham’s home state of Ohio - in the dozen or so years before the Civil War began. The second story is about the South, and the legal repression and brutal racial violence that took place there immediately after the Civil War ended (Finkelman, 2003). The Fourteenth Amendment and the Civil Rights Act of 1866 Although the primary aim was to secure citizenship for African Americans, the debates on the citizenship provisions of the Civil Rights Act of 1866 and the Fourteenth Amendment indicate that they were intended to extend U.S. citizenship to all persons born in the United States and subject to its jurisdiction regardless of race, ethnicity or alienage of the parents. The Civil Rights Act of 1866 declared that â€Å"all persons born in the United States and not subject to any foreign power, excluding Indians not taxed, are hereby declared to be citizens of the UnitedShow MoreRelatedPlessy V. Ferguson And Brown V Board Of Education1359 Words   |  6 Pagesoppressive as it was during the era of the Jim Crow laws. The 13th amendment freed the slaves in the United States, however, not many white Americans agreed with this. The 13th amendment did not shield the African Americans from oppression, â€Å"The segregation and disenfranchisement laws known as ‘Jim Crow’ represente d a formal, codified system of racial apartheid that dominated the American South for three quarters of a century beginning in the 1890s.† (Pbs.org, 2017). Over the years landmark Supreme CourtRead MoreA Brief Note On The Civil War And Its Impact On Women s Rights1461 Words   |  6 PagesWomen’s Suffrage and Labor Rights: An Analysis of the Civil War and Its Impact on Women’s Rights In 1865, four brutal years of the Civil War ended, and Congress passed three amendments that eliminated slavery, gave citizenship to everyone born in the United States, protected people’s rights to due process, required equal protection under the law, and guaranteed voting rights to all American men. However, African American men were still segregated in terms of housing, work, equal pay, and schoolingRead MoreCivil Rights and Civil Liberties1356 Words   |  6 PagesThe Thirteenth Amendment ended slavery and African American slaves gained their freedom during the Civil War; however, this did not mean they were fully integrated into American society. After the war, Southern Whites faced a crisis. The emancipation of slaves and the Fourteenth Amendment’s guarantee of citizenship undermined their assertion that citizenship was for Whites only. The clear line between Whites who ruled and Blacks who were ruled became vulnerable. Since Whites slave owners could noRead More Slavery And United States Rights1133 Words   |  5 PagesSlavery and states’ rights were the most pressing issues in the 1860 presidential election. Republican candidate Abraham Lincoln won the presidency on the basis of his promise to halt the spread of slavery (Hillstrom). However, not all African Americans lived in slavery. African Americans that lived in freed states had to deal with strict laws that limited their conduct and behavior. Children who lived in northern states were able to receive their education, convicts could serve their sentences,Read MoreImpact Of The Civil War On African Americans860 Words   |  4 PagesThe Civil War was a massive milestone in American History. This war started in 1861 and lasted four years. It was between the Union and the Confederacy over their differences and problems they created. The consequences the nation faced due to the demolition of the Civil War, was terrifying. Then the Reconstruction era was born to restore, reinstate, and unite the United States as one. During the Reconstruction of 1865 through 1867, African American lives were impacted economically because they wereRead MoreThe African American Civil Rights Movement1450 Words   |  6 PagesThe African American civil rights movement was a long journey for African American nationwide. The success involved many people, hardships and time in order to advance the African American community in America. The purpose of the movement was to achieve their rights, cease discrimination, and racial segregation. During the start of the African American civil rights movement, Africans Americans still were faced with Jim Crow laws which segregated them from whites. Under the Jim Crow laws AfricanRead MoreThe Four Year Long Civil War1418 Words   |  6 PagesThe result of the four-year long Civil War, was a nation in need of much repair. The split of the union dividing North and South was centered around their opposing views on slavery. These tensions placed black slaves in the middle as an object the was in a tug of war between the two sides. In the end, slavery was abolished and the rights of freed slaves were thus added to the Constitution in the fourteenth amendment that prohibited their exclusion from the unalienable rights of a United States citizenRead MoreCivil Rights And The Bill Of Rights Essay1280 Words   |  6 Pagesof rights and liberties worldwide is a luxury that all countries do not have and are not given to them. In America the people have the Constitution and the Bill of R ights that enumerate their inalienable rights. In the State of Texas there is also a constitution and a Bill of Rights for the people. One of the most important rights in the Texas Bill of Rights in the constitution is Article 1 Section 3 and 3a titled Equality and Equality Under the Law. There are differences between civil rights andRead MoreThe Court Case Of Powell Vs. Alabama During The 1930s806 Words   |  4 PagesSupreme Court Case The United States’ attention was captivated on the Supreme Court Case of Powell vs Alabama during the 1930s. During the time period, this case revealed the brutal treatment towards African Americans more than any other event. The case began on March 25, 1931, when a group of young white and African American youths were traveling on a train to find a job. A physical encounter broke out between them and the white youths were thrown out of the train. Then they reported the incidentRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Thurgood Marshall Law1501 Words   |  7 PagesThurgood Marshall blazed the trail for the Civil Rights Movement from two sides of the American Legal System, both as a lawyer, and as a Justice of the Supreme Court. Marshall’s initial rise to fame came as a result of his success as the head lawyer for the Brown family in Brown vs. The Board of Education. Later, Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court, making him the first ever African American Supreme Court Justice in American history. Overall, Marshall’s impact as a lawyer, a judge, and an activist

Future of Coputers Essay Example For Students

Future of Coputers Essay The computers of the future are expected to be smaller, faster and smarter. For thepast 20 years, CPU performance has doubled about every 18 months. The PowerPC will stay close to this pace for the next 10 yearsa nearly 100-fold improvement in that time.The storage capacities of hard drives will continue to expand, they are currently growing at a rate of about 60 percent per year. Today, Intels Pentium II has 7.5 million transistors. If the trend continues, Intel processors should contain 50 million to 100 million transistors in the first decade of the next century. In 5 years, computers will have 16 times the memory capacity they do now. One big challenge is the time for the processor to acc-ess the memory. One solution is that the processor might be on the same chip as memo-ry. Every time you buy memory, you get a processor.Actual voice input will become a reality, but it may not be widely employed in officesbecause of privacy and environmental issues. According to Gates. He predic ts that within ten years, every computer will have speech and linguistics built into it. Instead of typing or clicking, youll tell your PC to launch this application or print that document. At the off-ice, your e-mail message is just as likely to be a video clip. At home it probably means thatyour PC takes control of the lights, temperature, and appliances.When you have a prob-lem, software will look for conflicts, make sure drivers are up to date, when a fix is neces- sary, ask if you want to go online and get a patch. Later on, it will search for the medicine it needs with no intervention from you. Even later, software will watch what you are doing and step in when youre having trouble.In ten years there will be better input systems; handwriting, speech, visual recognition. As much as 90 percent of the operating-system code will go to these new capabilities. Predictable hardware improvements and unpre-dictable software advances have been a signature of the personal computer indust ry, thisTechnologies That Will Change the WorldDigital Money-Disposable Money Cards, inspired by the success of prepaid phone cards. Web sites will be quick to accept the prepaid cards. Many items that have been free on the internet, such as downloads and plug-ins can be priced at fees of $1 or $2. This willallow opening up a new market to children, who previously could not make Internet pur-Monitors Displays may be flexible, and youll unfold them from your pocket. Other ideas, in the works, are monitors the size of poster boards you will hang on yourSpherical Shaped Computer Display-A spherical display will have unique applica-tions for computer users who need to observe the surface of the earth or other planets. Travel agents and Meteorologists will have a better global view. Personal Security- Your finger print, voice even your facial features will serve as a secure, virtually foolproof way of verifying your identity. In use for many years for high-level security in government a gencies, biometric security devices will be common. Voice recognition wont replace keyboards and mice. Why? Because of privacy. A com-puter you can talk to will be a dead giveaway. Personality Services for Computers We will be able to hold intelligent conversa-tions with our computers. This will give birth to a new industry; computers equipped with personality services. Most people will subscibe to more than one online personality serviceIf you were to subscibe to a comedian personality service, your computer voice would start sounding like Jim Carry. As machines and computers become more intelligent, they will also take on personalities. Computers are already beginning to take on identities, forexamples take the Furby and intelligent agents in software. Machines will become so human-like there will be man-machine marriages. Wearable Computers- Tomorrows computer-human interface will be wearable. Computers worn on smart glasses will broadcast information into a persons eyes. Appli c-ations for smart glasses might start in an industrial area like car repair shops, where the goggles would allow a mechanic to see a diagram of a car with all of its parts identified. This would allow a bedridden, retired person with a lot of experience to direct a younger person without experience, and the two would act as a single entity to perform a job, byusing a wearable computing device and a wireless connectionWay Out There-Evolving from the wearable computer.Thinkers at the MIT Media Lab are working on a system where you and the backplane are one. They figure you can deliver about 100,000 bits per second through your skeletal and nerve structure. .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 , .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .postImageUrl , .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 , .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6:hover , .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6:visited , .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6:active { border:0!important; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6:active , .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6 .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u93847c405f46853711c657fe63a4b3b6:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Pearl harbor Essay Implantable and Injectable Computers- In a recent experiment at Atlantas EmoryUniversity, a tiny device designed to amplify brain signals and send them to special comp-uters through a small antenna implanted in the skull of a stroke victim who was both para-lized and mute. The procedure gave the patient the ability to communicate by moving a cursor across a computer screen using just his thoughts. A direct brain-to-computer con-nection (sans surgery) maybe possible in the next 10 years. In the future, when you look back at todays personal computers, your grandchildren will hear the stories about your computer that couldnt listen, couldnt talk, or couldnt see. Bibliography:

Types of Tests

Tests are a necessary aspect of teaching English to speakers of other languages (TESOL). For an educator it is crucial to monitor the progress of the learners and be aware of difficulties they may experience.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Tests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Testing is a suitable way for the teacher to observe the learner’s success and failure and make conclusions considering the methods and approaches implemented for each specific learner or class (Hancock, 2006). There are a number of various tests designed to determine the learners’ progress in each aspect of English such as proficiency, vocabulary, skills and knowledge, theoretical and practical application of language. This paper focuses on ten different types of tests and their use for TESOL. Proficiency tests are normally composed of several levels. This is done in order to determine the learner’s proficie ncy in various spheres such as grammar, vocabulary, and text comprehension. Tests of thins kind are based on multiple choice scheme so the learner needs to select one of the offered answers. The questions of such test are selected in order to target different aspects of the English grammar and also the learners’ ability to read and understand written text. Proficiency tests are good for TESOL educators because they serve as a perfect tool for monitoring general progress, the efficiency of various teaching methods and the level of knowledge and skills of learners at various stages. Diagnostic tests are rather specific; they are also recognised as progress tests. They are called this way because they are designed to diagnose certain aspects of language and the level of the learners’ progress (Gonzalez, 1996).Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More The tests of this type are often conducted in the end of a unit and are directed at the determination of the knowledge the students acquired and the skills they obtained. These tests are normally based on short-term objectives. Since teaching English to the speakers of other languages is always broken down into units, diagnostic tests serve as useful means to estimate the quality of learning and to determine if the students can move on to the next stage based on their progress level. Placement tests represent a particular kind of diagnostic tests (Brown, 2003). They are designed to cover the materials within a certain curriculum. They are conducted with the purpose to determine where the students are to be placed in relation to the information studied by specific learners. In TESOL this kind of tests is useful because they help to save time and effort to both educators and students and place the learners exactly where they need to pick up from instead of making them go through certain materials for the second time . Achievement tests can be viewed as a kind of progress or diagnostic tests because the main objective of these tests is to evaluate the knowledge of a learner within a particular curriculum, program or unit. The length of the period of time covering certain material or program evaluated by the test is indefinite, and this is why the tests are called â€Å"achievement† instead of â€Å"progress†. Achievement tests are oriented at the evaluation of specific kinds of knowledge, which is useful in TESOL because this allows estimating the quality of the program, and its suitability for the learners.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Types of Tests specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Language aptitude tests are important in TESOL, they are conducted even before the learning starts in order to determine each specific learner’s ability to learn and comprehend foreign languages which varies from one indi vidual to another. The tests of this kind are not very popular in the present days because of ethical reasons (Gonzalez, 1996). These tests tend to create bias for the teachers and students and they are viewed as invalid since they are conducted prior to actual language teaching and learning experience. Testing is recognised as norm-referenced when a mark is given to a learner (Brown, 2003). This way, the individual performance of each student is related to that of the remaining members of the class. This way of testing is applied because the progress and skill of each learner need to be placed on a certain position within the class. In TESOL giving marks is vital for the awareness of progress and failure for both teachers and students. In criterion-referenced testing the progress of an individual learner is not compared to that of other students, but is matched against a set of criteria which are designed to determine the level of knowledge. In TESOL the criteria are designed to cr eate a frame of what the learner should be able to do at a certain stage of their learning process. The special feature of these tests is that they do not facilitate competition between the learners and focus of the positive effect of learning. In TESOL English language is broken down into four skills which are reading, writing, speaking and listening and seven linguistic components spelling, grammar, syntax, morphology, phonology, graphology and vocabulary.Advertising Looking for essay on education? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Discrete-item tests are designed to evaluate these parts separately which provides the learners with more specific understanding of the difficulties a learner may experience. Global/integrative tests, on the contrary, are designed to view language as a whole. They do not separate the components from the context. This way, the learner’s ability to apply and combine many elements at the same time is evaluated. This approach towards testing considers the separate evaluation of the components as inadequate. Communicative language testing is designed in order to evaluate the learner’s ability to communicate certain information to other people and also to be able to comprehend the information received from other speakers (Gonzalez, 1996). Communicative testing normally concerns both written and spoken language skills and knowledge. The results of communicative languages tests are evaluated based on the quality but not the quantity of communication. The purpose of this kind o f testing is to determine the learner’s ability to apply the theoretical knowledge from their lessons in practice which requires levels of creativity. Such testing is focused on the content, integration and interactivity. In TESOL such tests are vital because they evaluate the levels of learners’ preparation for the independent application of their knowledge. In any kind of teaching testing is recognised to be one of the most controversial aspects. At the same time, it is one of the most important areas of teaching. It is impossible to determine an English language testing method which could be called the best. Testing methods are selected based on the individual choice of each educator based on the goals they pursue. There are five principles of language assessment; they are reliability, validity, authenticity, practicality and washback. The efficient test method is the one that aims for the highest levels of these features. Reference List Brown, H. D. (2003). Languag e assessment: Principles and classroom practices.  Harlow, United Kingdom: Longman. Gonzalez, A. B. (1996). Testing English as a foreign language: An overview an some  methodological considerations. RESLA, 11, 17-49. Hancock, C. R. (2006). Language Teaching and Language Testing: a way and ways  to make appropriate connections. Accion Pedagogica, 15, 6-13. This essay on Types of Tests was written and submitted by user Zeke Rowe to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.